Which Masks Protect Against Coronavirus? | Australian Scaffold

As COVID-19 spread globally, demand for effective personal protective equipment (PPE) surged. Naturally, this raised an important question: which masks offer real protection? Many people found themselves confused between surgical masks and respirator masks. To clarify, not all masks provide the same level of defence against viruses like the coronavirus.

Understanding the Difference: Surgical Masks vs Respirator Masks

There are two main types of face masks: surgical masks and respirator masks. Each serves a specific purpose and offers different levels of protection.

Surgical Masks

Surgical masks are single-use medical devices designed to protect against infections transmitted by droplets. These droplets include saliva or secretions from the upper respiratory tract released when the wearer exhales.

When worn by a caregiver, a surgical mask protects both the patient and the surrounding environment. Conversely, when worn by a contagious patient, it helps prevent environmental contamination. For optimal effectiveness, users should wear these masks for no more than three to eight hours.

In addition to droplet protection, surgical masks can shield the wearer from splashes of biological fluids. To achieve this, the mask must have a waterproof layer. Some versions even come equipped with a visor to guard the eyes. However, it’s crucial to understand that surgical masks do not protect against airborne infectious agents. Consequently, they won’t prevent the inhalation of viruses like coronavirus.

Respirator Masks

Respirator masks provide a higher level of protection. They are personal protective equipment designed to prevent inhalation of hazardous aerosols (e.g., dust, smoke, mist), as well as vapours or gases (e.g., disinfectants, anesthetics). Unlike surgical masks, respirator masks do protect against airborne infectious agents such as SARS, H1N1, and COVID-19.

There are two major types of respirators: insulating and filtering. Filtering respirators consist of a facepiece paired with a filtering element. In some models, the filter is built directly into the mask.

Depending on the type of filter, respirator masks can protect against particles, specific gases and vapours, or a combination of both. Furthermore, many filtering respirators come with an exhalation valve. This feature enhances comfort by reducing condensation inside the mask and preventing fogging of eyewear. It also makes breathing easier.

Importantly, respirator masks can be either disposable or reusable. Reusable models allow users to replace filters when necessary, thereby extending the mask’s life span.

Safety Standards: What to Look For

Every country has its own standards governing mask performance. Understanding these can help you choose the right mask.

Surgical Masks

Surgical masks undergo testing from inside to outside to measure bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE).

• Europe: Must meet EN 14683, which includes BFE1, BFE2, and Type R classifications.
• United States: Must follow ASTM standards, offering three protection levels based on fluid exposure risk.

Respirator Masks

Respirators are tested from outside to inside, focusing on filter efficiency and face seal integrity.

• Europe: Must comply with EN 149:2001, which categorises disposable respirators into:
  • FFP1: Filters at least 80% of aerosols; suitable for dust protection.
  • FFP2: Filters a minimum of 94%; used in healthcare and construction.
  • FFP3: Filters at least 99%; ideal for ultra-fine particles like asbestos.
• United States: Must meet NIOSH standards. The classes include:
  • Class N: Not oil-resistant. Options include N95, N99, and N100.
  • Class R: Oil-resistant for up to 8 hours (e.g., R95, R99, R100).
  • Class P: Fully oil-resistant (e.g., P95, P99, P100).

P2 Masks vs N95 Masks

You may wonder: what’s the difference between a P2 and an N95 mask? Essentially, they offer similar protection but are certified by different agencies.

• N95: Certified in the United States by NIOSH.
• P2: Certified in Europe under the EN standard.
• KN95: Certified in China.

In Australia, P2 masks generally conform to AS/NZS 1716:2012, aligning with both Australian and New Zealand safety standards.

Choosing the Right Mask

Additionally, your choice depends on the level of risk and the intended application. If you’re a healthcare professional exposed to airborne viruses, a certified respirator mask like N95, P2, or FFP2 is essential. For everyday protection in public spaces, a surgical mask may suffice—but it won’t filter airborne particles.

Because misinformation can compromise safety, always check that your masks meet regional standards. With so many options available, making an informed choice ensures better protection for yourself and others.

Australian Scaffold encourages everyone to stay safe, informed, and protected. For more expert guidance, contact us today.

Credit source: Celia Sampol

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